Average Calculator

Use median when data contains outliers or is skewed. For example, average income in a city is misleading because a few billionaires pull the mean up dramatically. Median income better represents the typical person. House prices, salaries, and wealth distributions typically use median for this reason.

The mode is the most frequently occurring value. It is most useful for categorical data (e.g. most common shoe size sold) or when you need the most typical value in a discrete dataset. A dataset can have no mode, one mode, or multiple modes (bimodal, multimodal).

Range is the difference between the maximum and minimum values — simple but sensitive to outliers. Standard deviation measures how spread out all values are around the mean, providing a more representative picture of variability. A dataset with one extreme outlier has a large range but may have a moderate standard deviation.